इस अभ्यास में हम क्रिया के रूपों के बारे में जानकारी प्राप्त
करेंगे , यह अभ्यास बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण है | अंग्रेजी बोलते समय इन सब
क्रियाओ का प्रयोग किया जाता है , इन सब क्रियाओ को समझे और क्रिया के
दूसरे और तीसरे रूप कैसे बनायेगे इस अभ्यास के अध्ययन से आपको स्पष्ट हो
जायेगा.
These forms are the most important part of your sentences that you frame while you communicate with others in your daily life. क्रिया का रूप
क्रिया का पहला, दूसरा और तीसरा रूप
(A) क्रिया का दूसरा तथा तीसरा रूप बनाते समय पहले रूप को ed प्रत्यय लगाया जाता है देखिए :-
Start |
Started |
Started |
Wash |
Washed |
Washed |
Finish |
finished |
finished |
Rain |
Rained |
Rained |
(B) क्रिया के पहले रूप के अंत में यदि -e हो तब फिर सिर्फ -d प्रत्यय लगाया जाता है-
Like |
Liked |
Liked |
Change |
Changed |
Changed |
Tire |
Tired |
Tired |
Love |
Loved |
Loved |
(C) क्रिया के पहले रूप के अंत में यदि y हो तो दूसरा और तीसरा रूप करते समय y का रूपांतरण i में करके ed प्रत्यय लगाया जाता है उदाहरण स्वरूप
Try |
Tried |
Tried |
Cry |
Cried |
Cried |
Rely |
Relied |
Relied |
Reply |
Replied |
Replied |
ध्यान दें:- यदि अंतिम y के पहले स्वर (a,e,i,o,u) हो तब y का i नहीं होता. सीधे ed लगाएं देखिए:-
Play |
Played |
Played |
Obey |
Obeyed |
Obeyed |
Destroy |
Destroyed |
Destroyed |
(D)- क्रिया के पहले रूप में अंतिम अक्षर से पूर्व एक स्वर होने पर उसे-ed जोड़ते समय अंतिम अक्षर की पुनरावृति की जाती है. देखें:-
Stop |
Stopped |
Stopped |
Rob |
Robbed |
Robbed |
Rub |
Rubbed |
Rubbed |
लेकिन देखिए,
Cook |
Cooked |
Cooked |
Reap |
Reaped |
Reaped |
निम्न क्रियाओं के दूसरे और तीसरे रूप बनाते समय –ed लगता है.
Add मिलाना |
Added |
Added |
Answer उत्तर देना |
Answered |
Answered |
Appear सामने आना |
Appeared |
Appeared |
Arrest गिरफ्तार करना |
Arrested |
Arrested |
Ask पूछना |
Asked |
Asked |
Attack हमला करना |
Attacked |
Attacked |
Attach जोड़ना |
Attached |
Attached |
Attract आकर्षित करना |
Attracted |
Attracted |
Boil उबालना |
Boiled |
Boiled |
Borrow उधार लेना |
Borrowed |
Borrowed |
Call बुलाना |
Called |
Called |
Check जांचना |
Checked |
Checked |
Claim दावा करना |
Claimed |
Claimed |
Clean साफ करना |
Cleaned |
Cleaned |
Climb चढ़ना |
Climbed |
Climbed |
Collect जमा करना |
Collected |
Collected |
Connect जोड़ना |
Connected |
Connected |
Conquer जितना |
Conquered |
Conquered |
Cook पकाना |
Cooked |
Cooked |
Cover ढकना |
Covered |
Covered |
End खत्म करना |
Ended |
Ended |
Fail असफल होना |
Failed |
Failed |
Fold घड़ी करना |
Folded |
Folded |
Invest निवेश करना |
Invested |
Invested |
Laugh हंसना |
Laughed |
Laughed |
Leak टपकना |
Leaked |
Leaked |
Look देखना |
Looked |
Looked |
Open खोलना |
Opened |
Opened |
Order आदेश देना |
Ordered |
Ordered |
Paint रंगना |
Painted |
Painted |
Pick उठाना |
Picked |
Picked |
Play खेलना |
Played |
Played |
Print छापना |
Printed |
Printed |
Pull खींचना |
Pulled |
Pulled |
Push धकेलना |
Pushed |
Pushed |
Reach पहुंचना |
Reached |
Reached |
Repair मरम्मत करना |
Repaired |
Repaired |
Search खोजना |
Searched |
Searched |
Select चुनना |
Selected |
Selected |
Start शुरू करना |
Started |
Started |
Talk बोलना |
Talked |
Talked |
Touch स्पर्श करना |
Touched |
Touched |
Thank धन्यवाद देना |
Thanked |
Thanked |
Treat उपचार करना |
Treated |
Treated |
Turn मुड़ना मोड़ना |
Turned |
Turned |
Visit भेंट करना |
Visited |
Visited |
Wait प्रतीक्षा करना |
Waited |
Waited |
Walk चलना |
Walked |
Walked |
Wash धोना |
Washed |
Washed |
Work काम करना |
Worked |
Worked |
दूसरे और तीसरे रूप की क्रियाओं में मात्र -d का प्रयोग
Advise सलाह देना |
Advised |
Advised |
Argue बहस करना |
Argued |
Argued |
Arrange व्यवस्था करना |
Arranged |
Arranged |
Arrive आगमन होना |
Arrived |
Arrived |
Believe विश्वास करना |
Believed |
Believed |
Blame दोष लगाना |
Blamed |
Blamed |
Change बदलना |
Changed |
Changed |
Close बंद करना |
Closed |
Closed |
Collapse ढह जाना |
Collapsed |
Collapsed |
Complete पूर्ण करना |
Completed |
Completed |
Confuse संभ्रमित करना |
Confused |
Confused |
Create निर्माण करना |
Created |
Created |
Force विवश करना |
Forced |
Forced |
Increase बढ़ाना |
Increased |
Increased |
Decrease कम करना |
Decreased |
Decreased |
Like पसंद करना |
Liked |
Liked |
Measure नापना |
Measured |
Measured |
Observe निरीक्षण करना |
Observed |
Observed |
Pollute दूषित करना |
Polluted |
Polluted |
Promote बढ़ावा देना |
Promoted |
Promoted |
Provide देना |
Provided |
Provided |
Receive प्राप्त करना |
Received |
Received |
Remove हटा देना |
Removed |
Removed |
Tie बांधना |
Tied |
Tied |
Tire थकाना |
Tired |
Tired |
Translate अनुवाद करना |
Translated |
Translated |
Wipe पोछना |
Wiped |
Wiped |
क्रियाओं का दूसरा व तीसरा रूप बनाते समय अंतिम अक्षर y को हटाकर -ied आएगा
Apply आवेदन करना |
Applied |
Applied |
Bury गाड़ना |
Buried |
Buried |
Carry ले जाना |
Carried |
Carried |
Copy नकल करना |
Copied |
Copied |
Cry रोना |
Cried |
Cried |
Dry सूखा करना |
Dried |
Dried |
Fry तलना |
Fried |
Fried |
Hurry जल्दी करना |
Hurried |
Hurried |
Marry शादी करना |
Married |
Married |
Purify शुद्ध करना |
Purified |
Purified |
Reply उत्तर देना |
Replied |
Replied |
Satisfy समाधान करना |
Satisfied |
Satisfied |
Study पढ़ाई करना |
Studied |
Studied |
Try प्रयत्न करना |
Tried |
Tried |
Worry चिंता करना |
Worried |
Worried |
निम्न क्रियाओं के दूसरे और तीसरे रूप बनाते समय अंतिम अक्षर का पुनरावृति कर -ed लगाते हैं
Admit प्रवेश देना |
Admitted |
Admitted |
Cancel रद्द करना |
Cancelled |
Cancelled |
Drop गिराना |
Dropped |
Dropped |
Rob लूटना |
Robbed |
Robbed |
Rub घिसना |
Rubbed |
Rubbed |
Sob सिसकना |
Sobbed |
Sobbed |
Stab घोंपना |
Stabbed |
Stabbed |
Stop रोकना |
Stopped |
Stopped |
Wrap लपेटना |
Wrapped |
Wrapped |
Transfer तबादला करना |
Transferred |
Transferred |
Brag डिंग मारना |
Bragged |
Bragged |
Control नियंत्रण करना |
Controlled |
Controlled |
Beg भीख मांगना |
Begged |
Begged |
अनियमित क्रियाओं के रूप
Arise उत्पन्न होना |
Arose |
Arisen |
Be होना, रहना |
Was |
Been |
Bear सहना, जन्म देना |
Bore |
Borne |
Beat मारना |
Beat |
Beaten |
Become होना |
Became |
Become |
Begin शुरू होना, करना |
Began |
Begun |
Bend झुकना |
Bent |
Bent |
Bet शर्त लगाना |
Bet |
Bet |
Bid बोली लगाना |
Bid |
Bid |
Bid आदेश देना |
Bade/Bid |
Bidden/Bid |
Bind बांधना |
Bound |
Bound |
Bite काटना |
Bit |
Bitten |
Bleed खून बहाना |
Bled |
Bled |
Blow बहना |
Blew |
Blown |
Break तोड़ना |
Broke |
Broken |
Breed प्रजनन करना |
Bred |
Bred |
Bring लाना |
Brought |
Brought |
Build बांधना |
Built |
Built |
Burn जलना, जलाना |
Burnt/Burned |
Burnt/Burned |
Burst फूटना |
Burst |
Burst |
Buy खरीदना |
Bought |
Bought |
Catch पकड़ना |
Caught |
Caught |
Choose चुनना |
Chose |
Chosen |
Come आना |
Came |
Come |
Cost कीमत होना |
Cost |
Cost |
Creep रेंगना |
Crept |
Crept |
Cut काटना |
Cut |
Cut |
Deal लेनदेन करना, व्यवहार करना |
Dealt |
Dealt |
Dig खोदना |
Dug |
Dug |
Do करना |
Did |
Done |
Draw खींचना |
Drew |
Drawn |
Dream सपना देखना |
Dreamed/Dreamt |
Dreamed/Dreamt |
Dirnk पीना |
Drank |
Drunk |
Drive चलाना |
Drove |
Driven |
Dwell रहना |
Dwelt/Dwelled |
Dwelt/Dwelled |
Eat खाना |
Ate |
Eaten |
Fall गिरना |
Fell |
Fallen |
Feed खिलाना |
Fed |
Fed |
Feel महसूस होना |
Felt |
Felt |
Fight लड़ना |
Fought |
Fought |
Find खोजना ढूंढना |
Found |
Found |
Flee भाग जाना |
Fled |
Fled |
Fly उड़ना |
Flew |
Flown |
Forbid मना करना |
Forbade |
Forbidden |
Forget भूलना |
Forgot |
Forgotten |
Forgive माफ करना |
Forgave |
Forgiven |
Freeze सर्दी के कारण जम जाना |
Froze |
Frozen |
Get मिलना |
Got |
Got |
Give देना |
Gave |
Given |
Go जाना |
Went |
Gone |
Grind पीसना |
Ground |
Ground |
Grow बढ़ना |
Grew |
Grown |
Hang लटकना, टांगना |
Hung |
Hung |
Hang फांसी देना |
Hanged |
Hanged |
Have पास होना |
Had |
Had |
Hear सुनना |
Heard |
Heard |
Hide छिपना छुपाना |
Hid |
Hidden |
Hit मारना |
Hit |
Hit |
Hold पकड़ना |
Held |
Held |
Hurt चोट पहुंचाना |
Hurt |
Hurt |
Keep रखना |
Kept |
Kept |
Knit एकत्र करना |
Knit/Knitted |
Knit/Knitted |
Know जानना |
Knew |
Known |
Lay अंडे देना, रखना |
Laid |
Laid |
Lead नेतृत्व करना |
Led |
Led |
Leap कूदना |
Leapt |
Leapt |
Learn सीखना |
Learnt |
Learnt |
Leave छोड़ना, निकलना |
Left |
Left |
Lend उधार देना |
Lent |
Lent |
Let किराए पर देना |
Let |
Let |
Lie झूठ बोलना |
Lied |
Lied |
Lie लेटना |
Lay |
Lain |
Lose गवाना |
Lost |
Lost |
Make बनाना, तैयार करना |
Made |
Made |
Mean मतलब होना |
Meant |
Meant |
Meet मिलना |
Met |
Met |
Mow घास वगैरह काटना |
Mowed |
Mowed/Mown |
Overcome हरा देना |
Overcame |
Overcome |
Overtake पीछे से आकर आगे निकल जाना |
Overtook |
Overtaken |
Pay अदा करना, देना |
Paid |
Paid |
Prove साबित करना |
Proved |
Proved/Proven |
Put रखना |
Put |
Put |
Quit छोड़ना |
Quit |
Quit |
Read पढ़ना |
Read |
Read |
Rend फाड़ना |
Rent |
Rent |
Ride सवार होना |
Rode |
Ridden |
Ring बजाना |
Rang |
Rung |
Rise उठना, उगना |
Rose |
Risen |
Run दौड़ना |
Ran |
Run |
Saw आरी से काटना |
Sawed |
Sawed/Sawn |
Say कहना |
Said |
Said |
See देखना |
Saw |
Seen |
Seek खोजना |
Sought |
Sought |
Sell बेचना |
Sold |
Sold |
Send भेजना |
Sent |
Sent |
Set डूबना, अस्त होना |
Set |
Set |
Sew सीना |
Sewed |
Sewed/Sewn |
Shake हिलना, हिलाना |
Shook |
Shaken |
Shed गिराना, बहाना |
Shed |
Shed |
Shine चमकना |
Shined/Shone |
Shone |
Shoot गोली चलाना |
Shot |
Shot |
Show दिखाना |
Showed |
Shown |
Shrink सिकुड़ना |
Shrank |
Shrunk |
Shut बंद करना |
Shut |
Shut |
Sing गाना |
Sang |
Sung |
Sink डूबना |
Sank |
Sunk |
Sit बैठना |
Sat |
Sat |
Sleep सोना |
Slept |
Slept |
Slide फिसलना |
Slid |
Slid |
Sow बोना |
Sowed |
Sowed/Sown |
Speak बोलना |
Spoke |
Spoken |
Spell स्पेलिंग लिखना |
Spelled/Spelt |
Spelled/Spelt |
Spend खर्च करना |
Spent |
Spent |
Spill छलकना |
Spilt |
Spilt |
Spit थूकना |
Spat |
Spat |
Split चीरना |
Split |
Split |
Spread फैलना, फैलाना |
Spread |
Spread |
Spring उछलना |
Sprang |
Sprung |
Stand खड़ा होना |
Stood |
Stood |
Steal चुराना |
Stole |
Stolen |
Stick चिपकना, चिपकाना |
Stuck |
Stuck |
Sting डंक मारना |
Stung |
Stung |
Strike आघात करना |
Struck |
Struck |
Swear कसम खाना |
Swore |
Sworn |
String पिरोना |
Strung |
Strung |
Sweep झाड़ना, झाड़ू लगाना |
Swept |
Swept |
Swell सूजना |
Swelled |
Swelled/Swollen |
Swim तैरना |
Swam |
Swum |
Swing झूलना |
Swung |
Swung |
Take लेना |
Took |
Taken |
Teach सिखाना |
Taught |
Taught |
Tear फाड़ना |
Tore |
Torn |
Tell बताना |
Told |
Told |
Think सोचना |
Thought |
Thought |
Throw फेंकना |
Threw |
Thrown |
Tread पैर से कुचलना |
Trod |
Trodden |
Understand समझना |
Understood |
Understood |
Undertake हाथ में लेना |
Undertook |
Undertaken |
Wake जागना, जगाना |
Woke |
Woken |
Wear पहनना |
Wore |
Worn |
Weave बुनना |
Wove |
Woven |
Weep रोना |
Wept |
Wept |
Win जीतना |
Won |
Won |
Wind लपेटना |
Wound |
Wound |
Withdraw पीछे लेना, निकालना |
Withdrew |
Withdrawn |
Write लिखना |
Wrote |
Written |